📊 Olympic Scoring System Explained
Demystifying how figure skating is judged at the Olympics and what those numbers really mean
The Basics: How Scoring Works
Olympic figure skating uses the ISU (International Skating Union) Judging System, introduced in 2004 after the Salt Lake City judging scandal. This system aims to be more objective and transparent than the old 6.0 system.
Part 1: Technical Score (TES)
The Technical Score measures what skaters do—their jumps, spins, and other elements.
How Technical Scores Are Calculated
Each element has a Base Value (difficulty) + Grade of Execution (quality)
Technical Elements:
🦘 Jumps
Single, double, triple, or quad rotations. Each jump type has a base value. More rotations = higher value.
🌀 Spins
Upright, sit, camel, or combination spins. Judged on speed, centering, and positions.
⛸️ Step Sequences
Footwork and turns covering the ice. Judged on difficulty and execution.
🎭 Choreographic Sequence
Artistic movement sequence. No base value, only GOE points.
Grade of Execution (GOE):
Judges rate each element from -5 to +5 based on quality:
- +5: Perfect execution, exceptional quality
- +3 to +4: Very good execution
- 0: Acceptable, meets requirements
- -1 to -2: Minor errors
- -3 to -5: Major errors, falls, or incomplete elements
Part 2: Program Components Score (PCS)
The Program Components Score measures how skaters perform—their artistry, skating skills, and overall presentation.
Skating Skills
Edge quality, power, speed, flow, and ice coverage. The foundation of all skating.
Transitions
Connecting movements between elements. Complexity and variety of footwork.
Performance
Physical, emotional, and intellectual involvement. Projection and energy.
Composition
Program structure, use of space, pattern, and musical phrasing.
Interpretation
Musical interpretation, timing, and expression of the music's character.
Each component is scored 0-10 by judges, then multiplied by a factor (1.0 for short program, 2.0 for free skate in singles).
Example: Breaking Down a Score
Nathan Chen - 2022 Beijing Olympics Free Skate
| Component | Score | Details |
|---|---|---|
| Technical Elements Score | 115.39 | 5 quad jumps, spins, step sequence |
| Program Components Score | 94.00 | Skating skills, performance, interpretation |
| Deductions | 0.00 | No falls or violations |
| Free Skate Total | 218.63 | World-class performance |
Common Deductions
- Falls: -1.0 point per fall
- Time violations: -1.0 point if program is too long or short
- Costume violations: -1.0 point for costume malfunctions
- Illegal elements: -2.0 points (e.g., backflips at Olympics)
- Music violations: -1.0 point for inappropriate music
Understanding the Numbers
What's a Good Score?
Men's Singles:
- World-class: 280+ total (short + free)
- Olympic podium: 270+ typically
- Competitive: 250+
Women's Singles:
- World-class: 220+ total
- Olympic podium: 210+ typically
- Competitive: 190+
The Judging Panel
Olympic figure skating uses multiple judges to ensure fairness:
Technical Panel (3 people)
Identifies elements, levels, and reviews video. Determines base values.
Judges Panel (9 judges)
Scores GOE and Program Components. Highest and lowest scores dropped.
Referee
Oversees the competition and ensures rules are followed.
Why Scores Matter
- Objective measurement: More transparent than old 6.0 system
- Rewards difficulty: Encourages technical progression
- Values artistry: Program components ensure skating quality matters
- Creates drama: Close scores make competitions exciting
- Historical record: Allows comparison across eras
Controversies & Debates
The scoring system isn't perfect and has sparked debates:
- Technical vs artistic balance—should quads outweigh artistry?
- Judging bias and national preferences
- Pre-rotation and under-rotation calls
- Program component inflation for top skaters
- Complexity making it hard for casual fans to understand
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